The transformation of a normal mobile into most cancers is akin to a series reaction due to initial mistakes, which compound into more significant errors, each progressively allowing for the cell to escape additional controls that Restrict typical tissue expansion. This rebellion-like circumstance is surely an undesirable survival on the fittest, wherever the driving forces of evolution work versus the body's structure and enforcement of order.
[238] Persons from Asian and South American nations around the world also have a tendency to want a slower, less candid method of disclosure than is idealized in The us and Western Europe, plus they think that often It could be preferable not to be informed about a cancer prognosis.[238] On the whole, disclosure on the analysis is much more prevalent than it had been while in the twentieth century, but total disclosure in the prognosis isn't provided to a lot of individuals worldwide.[238]
维基百科中的醫學内容仅供参考，並不能視作專業意見。如需獲取醫療幫助或意見，请咨询专业人士。詳見醫學聲明。
註解：癌細胞將於所到之處繼續失控的繁殖。舉例：若肺癌細胞轉移到肝臟，則肝臟將出現不斷增生的肺部細胞（不具肺功能），且此細胞具有入侵正常肝臟細胞的能力，導致肝功能不斷降低；反之，不具入侵能力但失控繁殖的細胞，稱為良性腫瘤。
DNA repair inhibition is proposed being a predominant system in weighty metallic-induced carcinogenicity. Also, Repeated epigenetic alterations of your DNA sequences code for smaller RNAs identified as microRNAs (or miRNAs). miRNAs tend not to code for proteins, but can "goal" protein-coding genes and lower their expression.
Surgical treatment is the primary approach to remedy for some isolated, reliable cancers and should Perform a job in palliation and prolongation of survival. It is usually an essential part of the definitive analysis and staging of tumors, as biopsies are generally needed.
臨床實驗，是在癌症病患身上進行新的治療方法的實驗，希望找出更好的方法治療癌症，協助癌症患者恢復健康。臨床實驗測試範圍包含新的治療藥物，新的手術方法或放射治療方式，重新組合不同的療法，或發展全新的療法，如基因療法。
Environmental or Way of life aspects that prompted most cancers to establish in somebody is usually determined by analyzing mutational signatures from genomic sequencing of tumor DNA.
出生后发生的基因突变。大多数基因突变会在您出生后发生，并且不会被遗传。有多种因素会导致基因突变，例如抽烟、辐射、病毒、致癌化学物质（致癌物）、肥胖症、激素、慢性发炎和缺乏运动。
參加臨床實驗的病患有機會得到其所參與實驗的新療法的幫助，但是新的治療方式並不保證會有良好的結果，新療法也可能有未知的風險，嚴重的話甚至會導致死亡。但如果新療法成功的話，接受實驗的病人可能會最先受益。臨床實驗在美國有相當嚴格的進行規範，無論是在人選的選擇以及藥物劑量都有標準操作原則。以避免研究者為了加速研發新藥物，不顧病患的權益，貿然在人體上進行高風險的新療法測試。實際上有許多例子也顯示，即使是通過嚴格標準篩選出可進入臨床實驗階段的抗癌藥物，在臨床上的結果並未如預期的有效。這樣的結果也反映癌症的多原性以及人體系統的複雜度，我們在抗癌藥物的研發上仍有漫長的路途要走。
癌症的治療無論是化療、手術或放療都是對身體有極大負擔，並且在發生惡性轉移後，無論是何種方式都是很難徹底治癒。所以在癌症的治療仍然是人類面對的極大考驗。在目前對於年老的癌症患者，或許找出能維持生活品質並讓其能平靜走向生命旅程的終點的治療方式，會是比積極消除癌細胞而使用副作用極大的治療方式要來的實際且重要。
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) does indirectly result in most cancers but it surely results in immune deficiency that may magnify the chance as a result of 癌症 other bacterial infections, sometimes up to quite a few thousandfold (in the case of Kaposi's sarcoma). Importantly, vaccination towards the hepatitis B virus and the human papillomavirus happen to be proven to just about reduce the potential risk of cancers a result of these viruses in persons successfully vaccinated previous to an infection.
腫瘤較大但尚未擴散（癌細胞尚可被定位、手術移除，可能不需借助循環全身的化學藥物治療）
手术治疗主要用于去除瘤灶，达到治疗的目的，同时也适用于癌症的预防、诊断、 分期、术后结构重建与功能康复等。这种方法不存在生物抵抗性；无潜在致癌可能； 不受肿瘤差异性影响；能提供准确的病理分期及组织学类型；适用于大部分未扩散 的肿瘤。但是会破坏正常组织；可有手术并发症，可致畸形、影响正常功能，甚至 危及生命；已有转移者，不能完全治愈；重要器官无法彻底切除。